Al Capone Gangster Essay Sample

Al Capone Gangster Essay Sample Al Capone Gangster Analysis Essay Example Al Capone Gangster Analysis Essay Example There are numerous acclaimed lawbreakers in the history. They become notable gratitude to their scandalous wrongdoings. Some of the time, their prevalence develops so much that they become a type of incredible lawbreakers, and sadly, a few people even glorify these hoodlums considering them of sentimental radicals who needed to break the framework. By and by, things are substantially more dull, on the grounds that there is regular straightforward clarification for people groups wrongdoings. They carry out these violations out of want to get individual increases or social foundation. A case of Al Capone, Chicago scandalous criminal, can demonstrate these hypotheses. Violations Al Capone was conceived in 1899 in New York to Italian outsiders (FBI, n.d.). His family was not rich, yet kids were dealt with well and had an ordinary youth. Capone had numerous siblings and sisters, and some of them got engaged with his pack business. His family lived in a network which comprised of Italians for the most part, and youngsters didn't communicate with different nationalities much. Not long after Als birth, the family moved to another condo in an alternate zone. There was a blend of individuals from various foundations, and Capone youngsters could convey not just with Italians. Al Capone went to American school which was not appropriate for showing offspring of the Italian foundation. The educators were exacting and biased toward offspring of Italian settlers, and the understudies were regularly presented to beatings by individual understudies. The school might be one of the makes that drove Capones future as hoodlum. There, despite the fact that he was an entirely decent understudy, he would regularly lose his temper. Once, an educator blew up with him and beat him. Al Capone lost his temper and beat her back. He was removed when he was just fourteen, and he stayed away forever to class once more. Such hostility in school clarifies a great deal about Capones improvement as a youngster and impacts which drove him to his criminal life. In the wake of being removed from schoo,l Al Capone started speaking with individuals engaged with posses. There was a solid pack in Chicago in that time. Johnny Torrio was its pioneer. Torrio composed extortionists into a gathering of hoodlums who were acting as per his arranging. He shaped a pack which had a decent structure and was efficient. On account of Torrio, Capone found out about nuts and bolts of wrongdoing business. All things considered, he was as yet not a criminal himself. His family was doing fine and dandy; he was living with his folks and had no aim to leave at that point. One can say that in spite of numerous difficulties, Capone had the option to abstain from being hauled into the criminal life. All things considered, the year he turned eighteen, he became one bit nearer to his eventual fate of a criminal chief. He turned into a barkeep in a cafã © of Frankie Yale, another city criminal who knew Torrio well. Once, during work, Capone saw a young lady he loved. He praised her, yet her sibling accepting the commendation as the offense. He cut his face hardly any occasions; as a resul, Al Capone was left with a few scars all over which stayed for an amazing duration. From that point forward, he was rebuffed by Yale. That episode encouraged Capone to control his temper and some important aptitudes required for a posse chief. He understood the remorselessness of groups and their pioneers and the need to have a virus mind while settling on savage choices. Yales nearness drove Capone to carrying out little violations and hauling further into the criminal world. It was during when nineteen-year-old Capone began to look all starry eyed at and wedded an Irish young lady who was pregnant with his first youngster, Sonny. With his family, Capone attempted to stop his criminal experience and found a genuine line of work. His dads demise changed the circumstance. After his dad kicked the bucket, Capone, who not, at this point had a caring figure, chose to grasp into the criminal world completely. At that point he reached Torrio once again: It was 1921 and Capone had walked out on decency perpetually (Bardsley, n.d.). Torrio proposed Al Capone to move to Chicago where Al joined his posse. He was Torrios right hand until Torrio was seriously harmed and resigned from criminal. At that point, Al turned into a pioneer of the group. He immediately picked up control in Chicago working with numerous criminals and sorting out them, so they remembered h im as their pioneer. His business was associated with illicit liquor selling during Prohibition time, prostitution, composed assaults, pay off, and charge ruses. Unexpectedly, many didn't consider Capone of a crook, but instead as of Robin Hood because of his support in numerous causes. In 1929, there was a Saint Valentines Day Massacre with hoodlums being shot by rivals faithful to Capone, and Capone was viewed as the primary coordinator behind it (in spite of the fact that it was rarely demonstrated). In thirties, Capone was sent to prison for not many occasions for certain violations; he went through very nearly five years in Alcatraz where he despite everything figured out how to control his pack domain from behind the bars (Cave, 2010). By the by, in jail, Capones wellbeing declined. After he was discharged, he could no longer lead a posse (Capone, 2012). He resigned and had a quiet existence until his demise at 48 years old. His PCP said that in a matter of seconds before deat h, Capones awareness was, for example, of a twelve-year-old kid. There are sure methodologies while breaking down and deciphering Capones violations. Initial, one may attempt to clarify his wrongdoings and savagery with mental speculations. For instance, a factor which prompted vicious wrongdoings later on might be the viciousness Capone experienced in school. He couldn't retaliate, particularly with educators annoying and slapping him; the main time he attempted to protect himself, he was removed. Henceforth, the powerlessness to shield himself and abnormal feeling of equity prompted his longing for vengeance. Psychoanalytic hypothesis clarifies Capones conduct as a response to ill-advised socialization during his adolescence. The equivalent can be seen with Capones involvement with Yales cafã ©. After he was beaten and gotten his scars, they were consistently there to help him to remember his disgrace. His nearby collaboration and correspondence with criminals (despite the fact that not immediate investment) prompted his thoughts regarding equity being contorted. Psychological improvement hypothesis clarifies Capones violations as the aftereffect of wrong thoughts on ethical quality and society. Capone accepted that power was the fundamental determinant of equity and that he could modify law to his demonstrations, not the other way around. That was the reason he viewed his wrongdoings as something typical and didn't discover anything incorrectly about submitting them. One can see that the components which affected Capones conduct can be effectively applied to mental speculations which clarify why he acted the manner in which he did. One can likewise utilize learning hypothesis to clarify Capones conduct and wrongdoings. His correspondence with hoodlums gave him that they didn't get rebuffed for their wrongdoings because of the capacity to pay off the required individuals and having substitutes for their activities. Subsequently, they were extremely fruitful in their own specific manner without being liable for the demonstrations they did. Capone discovered that with cunning methodology, he could be much the same as that. Another factor which prompted criminal occupation was the passing of Capones father. The dad was a figure Capone took a gander at proudly and appreciation as an individual who could lead such a major family. In any case, Capone was clearly disillusioned with the situation in his family, since they were not rich enough, and he had another family all alone. Consequently, the passing of a fair dad who functioned admirably and could pass judgment on his child for criminal conduct let Capone pick a criminal way since there was nobody who might restrict such a choice. Capone understood that he was the one driving the family now, and as a pioneer, he was settling on choices nobody could negate. Network in which Capone grew up additionally contributed significantly to his wrongdoing life. For instance, it was anything but a rich neighborhood where little fellows from settlers families were making some hard memories finding what they needed to do throughout everyday life. They didn't have numerous open doors because of powerlessness to get decent training. They could either follow their dads steps or pick an existence of crooks. Numerous youngsters were disappointed with restricted decisions they had, and they joined posses. They saw posses as an approach to free themselves. Youthful Capone additionally realized that genuine life would not acquire him flourishing his locale. This factor might be clarified by sociological strain hypothesis. It centers around the holes Capone had while arranging something and openings he got because of wrongdoing. Subsequently, one can see that there were numerous components which drove Capone to his criminal experience. There were additionally different elements which were pushing him on his way as a criminal legend. Above all else, Capone understood that so as to look after control, he must be vicious. Subsequently, fierce violations were the need to keep his status and cause different criminals to tail him just as caution contention packs. He saw criminal life as a business which had certain standards that must be followed. Al Capone understood that so as to be a pioneer, he needed to make others dread and regard him, and he utilized the savagery as a device for that. The capacity to control his feelings helped him enormously, in light of the fact that he saw sorted out violations and savagery as the essential business steps. Another factor to carry out wrongdoings was the advantages the violations gave Capone. He turned into a rich man who had a gigantic impact. He was an open figure and could do nearly all that he needed. Subsequently, on account of wrongdoings, Capone was driving an existence he had always wanted where he was a rich head having an extraordinary (according to one perspective) life. One can apply sociological hypotheses to clarify these variables. Balanced decision hypothesis shows that Capone carried out his violations so as to get egotistical additions. These increases could be cash, yet in addition status and regard. For instance, Saint Valentines Day Massacre indicated that Capote frantically needed other pack

20s And 30s Essay Example For Students

20s And 30s Essay At the point when numerous individuals study history and take in the missteps from an earlier time, it is simpler to ready to comprehend the present. By and by, it isn't sufficient to just examination the occasions that have happened. By changing the horrible occasions that prompted despair and proceeding with the advantages to society, one can comprehend why they occur and better what's to come. In the United States in the mid 1920s, another stage showed up with various developments in the territories of governmental issues, financial matters, society, culture, and international strategy. By the occasions that prompted the 1930s, new rages had created in a considerable lot of these regions, while different territories stayed in progression. From the 1920s to the 1930, there were a few factors that added to the adjustments in American culture. The 1920s started soon after in World War I when the United States and the Allies vanquished the Germans in 1918. Numerous Americans were tire d of Woodrow Wilson, the 28th president from 1913 to 1921. The primary appointment of the 1920s scoured Republican Warren G. Harding against Democrat James M. Cox. Cox bolstered Wilson and the League of Nations in the political race. Be that as it may, Harding won the political race in an avalanche, which was an indication of Americas disappointment with Wilson and his idealistic and liberal strategies. The beginning of the new preservationist period reestablished the ability to the Republicans after the presidential appointment of the 1920. Harding made many superb arrangements to his bureau despite the fact that he neglected to exhibit to have a lot of insight. Charles Evans Hughes was delegated to be the Secretary of State, Andrew W. Mellon named as the Secretary of the Treasury and as pioneer of the Commerce Department, and Herbert Hoover knock up the 1920s to another level. Then again, Harding likewise named a portion of the most noticeably terrible situations for office. He se lected Albert B. Fall as the Secretary of the Interior. The Teapot Dome Scandal or the Oil Reserves Scandal Simon, 3/8/00 encompassed the mystery renting of the government oil holds by Fall. He covertly conceded the Mammoth Oil Company restrictive rights to the Teapot Dome saves in Wyoming after President Harding moved management of the maritime oil save lands from the naval force to him. While this embarrassment entered American legislative issues as an image of administrative debasement, it had minimal long haul impact on the Republican Party. For the occasion, Harding began the moderate pattern of governmental issues during the 1920s. Harding kicked the bucket during before he could complete his administration in 1923, and Vice President Calvin Coolidge accepting the workplace as President. He passed on the excellencies of ethical quality, genuineness, and economy to the administration. Coolidge was unsaid turn. Coolidge followed the staying of Hardings hands-off arrangements and was reappointed in the 1924 political decision. The United States had perhaps the best time of success consistently during his administration from 1923 to 1929. At the point when Coolidge chose not to run again in the 1928 political decision, the Republican selection went to Herbert Hoover who effortlessly won the activity as the new President. Since he was an independent mogul, Hoover was not exactly as moderate as Harding or Coolidge. On the other hand, numerous students of history accept that if the Depression had not happened he would presumably have been a decent president. Afterward, Americans loathed Hoover since he neglected to il luminate the countries inconveniences out of the Depression. The United States grasped a free enterprise arrangement in the economy during the 1920s. In Hardings hands off arrangement, the legislature didn't intercede with people groups organizations and helped them benefit. Hostile to believe laws were dodged, and the United States was owing debtors from the primary Great War. The Secretary of Treasury, Mellon, colossally diminished duties, which moved the economy on the grounds that there was more cash to spend. In the long run, the United States benefitted in more cash to take care of the gigantic obligation. The United States likewise implemented a huge levy that would urge Americans to purchase residential items as opposed to purchasing imported products from outside countries. Incredible innovative advances were likewise made during the 1920s. Developments, for example, vehicles and radios improved the standard for the regular man. These creations just as the moderate financial strategies added to a gigantic monetary blast. The economy experienced development of 7 to 10 percent for a long time of the 1920s. Afterward, huge numbers of the financial systems in the decade would prompt peril particularly in the securities exchange. The countries all out pay rose from $74.3 billion of every 1923 to $89 billion of every 1929. In any case, the prizes of the Coolidge Prosperity of the 1920s were not shared uniformly among all Americans. In 1929, the top 0.1 rates of Americans had a consolidated pay equivalent to the base 42%. That equivalent top 0.1 rates of Americans in 1929 controlled 34% all things considered, while 80% of Americans had no reserve funds by any means. Wages expanded at a rate one fourth as quick as efficiency expanded. As creation costs fell rap idly, compensation rose gradually, and costs stayed steady, the mass advantage of the expanded efficiency went into corporate benefits. free interpretation from Simon, 3/14/00 Also, everyone was purchasing on edge, a specific rate for an offer that would in the end pick up or lose cash more than paid for. Millions had lost a lot of cash to take care of their obligations and were jobless. The Great Depression was the most noticeably terrible financial decay ever in U.S. history. It started in late 1929 and kept going about 10 years. Through A Narrow Chink: An Ethical Dilemma EssayPresident Roosevelt began the New Deal Program that was started by three Rs: help, recuperation, and change. Inside his initial hundred days, he had passed an extraordinary number of bills like the surrender of the highest quality level, the government Emergency Relief Act, and the making of Public Works Administration, the National Recovery Administration, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. During his first term, the New Deal had little bearing and was not liberal until some other time. He bolstered the associations and laborers, while distancing the rich. He passed laws, for example, Social Security and a bill to give ranchers endowments. He likewise passed the Wagner Act, which secured laborers rights to shape associations and to aggregate bartering. As of now in time, the New Deal settled numerous issues in America, yet it was not every one of the a triumph. It didn't lift the United States out of Depression. It is regularly censured for having no bearing Simon, 4/1/00, yet it may have spared the United States from socialism. Roosevelt has been known as a virtuoso of co-optationSimon, 4/1/00 in light of the fact that he acquired others radical thoughts and made them into his own customary thoughts. He made such a large number of government organizations, which took over a great part of the private segment. Socially, America came back to convention during the 1930s in congruity. Numerous Americans felt that the downturn of the 1930s filled in as Gods discipline for the erring of the 1920s. Ladies were set to remain at home and were constrained out of employments so men could accept them have those open doors. Joblessness arrived at an unequaled high. Society turned out to be progressively moderate in light of the fact that there was less relaxation time accessible. There were likewise less demands during the 1930s. For instance, forbiddance was revoked with the 21st Amendment in 1933, a lot to the delight of numerous Americans. It was revoked for two reasons. One, individuals had concluded that the negative viewpoints out gauged the positive, and two, the nation was entering the Great Depression. It was imagined that delivering and selling liquor would make more occupations and help support the economy. During the 1930s there was to a lesser degree a separation between high culture and mainstream society. Essayists presently centered around the worry for the regular man and the requirement for men to join for the benefit of everyone. The absolute most well known scholars during the 1930s were John Steinbeck, John Dos Passos, and James T. Farrell while F. Scott Fitzgerald blurred away. Ernest Hemmingway changed his style and stayed well known. Workmanship, appointed by the New Deal, would in general be progr essively practical. Enormous and overpowering paintings were predominant, and photography additionally got well known. Specialists concentrated on the basic man. Traditional music turned out to be progressively rational. Aaron Coplands Fanfare best represents this for the regular man. During the 1930s, high culture impacted mainstream society. It offered a break into the high and colorful life. Celebrities like Ginger Rogers, Cary Grant, and Fred Astaire offered a departure from the cruelty of life. Jazz was as yet the well known type of music, yet it progressed into Big Bands, jazz ensembles that played in an assembly hall while individuals would move to them. The somber financial circumstance shut the hole among high and mainstream society. From the 1920s to the 1930s, international strategy was the one element that continued as before in America. Actually, Americas disengagement developed. During the downturn, America needed to empower its economy. The Hawley-Smoot tax, the biggest duty at any point utilized by the United States, was passed to urge individuals to purchase American. In reprisal to the duty, different nations forced their own duties. The high duty of American fares really hurt the economy. During the 1930s America was resolved to avoid any contentions because of its noninterventionist approach. This outrageous separation was brought about by the downturn. The United States looked on as Japan attacked China, Italy attacked Ethiopia, the Fascists took over Spain, and Germanys Nazi Party attacked portions of Eastern Europe. It wasnt until the late 1930s that Franklin D. Roosevelt understood that it was important to escape this approach and get included. Finally, from the 1920s to the 1930s, the economy caused the change and congruity in America. Preservationist governmental issues created the financial blast during the 1920s and endured the whole decade. Society turned out to be exceptionally liberal as a result of the riches and the a lot of relaxation time. The extraordinary separation among low and high culture shows the partition between classes. The craving to keep the blast inside Amer

Stop Setting Goals And Start Building Habits - Focus

Stop Setting Goals And Start Building Habits - Focus What’s more important when you’re trying to make changes to your life, health, and career: Setting goals or building habits? For most of us, we’ve been taught it’s the former. Goals help us stay focused and keep us moving in the right direction. But while goals are certainly important, more research is showing that it’s our habits that ultimately decide what we do and who we become. According to researchers from Duke University, up to 40% of our behaviors on any given day are driven by habit. That’s nearly half your day spent on autopilot doing things that either help or hurt your progress.   With so much of your actions controlled by habits, it only makes sense to spend more time and effort guiding your unconscious mind, rather than simply setting goals. Why what you do is more important than what you want There’s no denying that having goals is important for anything you want to do in life. Whether that’s losing weight, writing a novel, or starting a business. Goals help you to visualize where you want to go. But unfortunately, they’re not very good at helping you get there. Goals fail for a number of reasons. More specifically: Goals are an end, not a beginning: When you’re setting a goal, you’re really just setting a desired outcome. However, studies have shown that only focusing on the end result is less likely to keep you motivated and focused. Goals rely on too many factors outside of our control: Our lives are chaotic and more often than not something or someone will get in the way of achieving your goals. Without solid habits in place, it’s all too easy to lose motivation to keep working towards your goals. Goals take more willpower than we have: It takes a tremendous amount of mental energy to work towards your goals every day. However, our brains were designed to be lazy and conserve energy as much as possible, meaning it’s easy for those “just once” exceptions to start creeping into your day. Simply put, goals just don’t provide you with the tools you need to make real change. On the other hand, habitsâ€"small, repeated actionsâ€"compound over time, giving you results you never could have imagined by simply setting a goal. As Atomic Habits author James Clear writes: Changes that seem small and unimportant at first will compound into remarkable results if youre willing to stick with them for years. Here’s an example: Think back to a year ago. What habit do you wish you’d started then and stuck with? If you had decided to write 500 words a day, you’d now have enough for almost 2 novels. Or imagine if you’d gone to the gym every single day for an entire year? The changes feel astronomical, but the actions it takes to get there aren’t on the same scale. How new habits form (and stick) While it’s easy to talk about wanting to build new habits, the reality is that they’re hard to start and even harder to keep. So how do you not only build a new habit but make it stick? The first place to start is understanding how habits form. By their definition, habits are a small action that is repeated regularly and often automatically. In The Power of Habit, author Charles Duhigg explains the 3 steps required in order for a habit to be formed. Cue: A trigger that initiates the habit Routine: The action you take (your habit) Reward: The benefit you get from taking the action Or, as Duhigg puts it: A habit is a formula our brain automatically follows: When I see the CUE, I will do ROUTINE in order to get a REWARD. This sounds simple enough in theory. But how does it work in the real world? Let’s start with an example of a bad habit most of us have developed: Checking our phone too much. Cue: Your phone buzzes, alerting you that some new notification or update is available. Routine: You take your phone out of your pocket, swipe open, and search for the source of the notification. Is it an email? Text? Twitter or Instagram? Reward: You find out what the notification was, satisfying your curiosity that was triggered when your phone buzzed and potentially giving you a hit of dopamine (a “good feeling” chemical released in our brain) from being tagged on social media or seeing a message from a friend. Here’s where the power of habits comes into play. Once you go through this loop enough times your brain will automate the process to the point of not even needing a buzz or notification as a cueâ€"you’ll just mindlessly reach for your phone throughout the day. Now imagine if you replaced that bad habit of checking your phone with a good one? With the right habits, you can make sure you write 500 words every morning or floss your teeth every night, or go to the gym at 5 pm every day. Once you understand the framework that causes a habit to be formed and stick, you can start to use it to build the positive lifestyle you’ve always wanted.       Brainstorm, plan and present your ideas Try MindMeister Its Free! Try MindMeister The importance of starting small Just like the example of building a habit of checking your phone started with a tiny action (phone buzzes, you check), building good work habits needs to follow a similar playbook. The big changes you want to make in your life (writing more, stopping smoking, getting in shape) are just the culmination of thousands of tiny actions. And the more you can automate the decision to do that action and build a habit, the more likely you are to get there. It’s not easy to form these habits (or break bad ones), but it is doable. Here are a few tips to help you get started building better habits: Make the action obvious The cue that triggers your habit sometimes needs a little help getting started. It’s all well and good to say you’re going to eat healthier, but actually following through is another thing. First, start by actually scheduling your habit cue. If you want to eat healthier foods throughout the day, set a timer or a reminder for when you’re most likely to want a snack. Rather than let your bad habit continue unconsciously, you can preempt it. Next, create “if-then” statements for your day. Most habits aren’t time-based but are triggered by another action or observation. For example, “when you sit down at your desk then you start writing” or “when someone sends your a Slack message then you respond right away.” If the action you’re taking in these situations isn’t what you want to do, you can reprogram yourself. Write your new “if-then” statements (such as, “when I get a Slack message then I will set my status to away until I’m ready to respond”) and put them on a sticky note.   Make your routine as easy as possible We often give up on our goals because we’ve been over-ambitious in what we achieve. And if we’re not careful, that same issue can creep into our habits. To stick with them until they become automatic, our habits need to be small and ridiculously easy to do. Instead of working out 5 times a week, which involves scheduling, travel, showering, and cleaning your gym clothes, start by doing 5 pushups or squats, or going for a 5-min walk around the block. As behavioral economist BJ Fogg writes: To create a new habit, you must first simplify the behavior. Make it tiny, even ridiculous. A good tiny behavior is easy to doâ€"and fast. The power of good habits is in their compounding ability. The more you keep them up, the bigger the return. See also: The 5 Second Rule by Mel Robbins (Mind Map Summary) Eliminate bad options and make good ones more   Our environment is an incredibly powerful tool when it comes to building habits. Until a habit becomes automatic it’s still a choice, which means you have to sort through the other, more immediate options. Trying to eat healthier, but your morning meetings ran late? Just grab a slice of pizza. Want to work on your novel but you’re already on the couch at home? Just toss the TV on for a bit. You deserve it! When social psychologist Kathleen Vohs studied the science of self-control, she found that making repeated choices depleted the mental energy of her subjects. And it didn’t even matter if those choices were mundane or relatively pleasant. The easiest way she found to negate this was to simply get rid of the other options. Don’t want to eat unhealthy food? Don’t keep it in the house so you have to go out and drive to the store. Don’t want to watch TV? Unplug it and put it in the closet. Want to start waking up earlier? Use a simple timer outlet to automatically turn off your internet router at a certain time. The more you can make your routine not only the best option but the only option, the more likely it will become automatic. See also: The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People (Mind Map Summary) For better or worse, tiny actions can have massive results There’s nothing wrong with having big, audacious goals. The act of goal setting is a great way to solidify the direction you want to go in and what your priorities are. But it’s not the best way to actually change your life. Instead of going after the big changes, look at the small, tiny, non-obvious actions you take every single day. Do anything for long enough and you’ll see incredible changes to your life. Want more help building better habits? Check out this guide to building good work habits (and getting rid of bad ones). Brainstorm, Plan Collaborate Try MindMeister Stop Setting Goals And Start Building Habits - Focus What’s more important when you’re trying to make changes to your life, health, and career: Setting goals or building habits? For most of us, we’ve been taught it’s the former. Goals help us stay focused and keep us moving in the right direction. But while goals are certainly important, more research is showing that it’s our habits that ultimately decide what we do and who we become. According to researchers from Duke University, up to 40% of our behaviors on any given day are driven by habit. That’s nearly half your day spent on autopilot doing things that either help or hurt your progress.   With so much of your actions controlled by habits, it only makes sense to spend more time and effort guiding your unconscious mind, rather than simply setting goals. Why what you do is more important than what you want There’s no denying that having goals is important for anything you want to do in life. Whether that’s losing weight, writing a novel, or starting a business. Goals help you to visualize where you want to go. But unfortunately, they’re not very good at helping you get there. Goals fail for a number of reasons. More specifically: Goals are an end, not a beginning: When you’re setting a goal, you’re really just setting a desired outcome. However, studies have shown that only focusing on the end result is less likely to keep you motivated and focused. Goals rely on too many factors outside of our control: Our lives are chaotic and more often than not something or someone will get in the way of achieving your goals. Without solid habits in place, it’s all too easy to lose motivation to keep working towards your goals. Goals take more willpower than we have: It takes a tremendous amount of mental energy to work towards your goals every day. However, our brains were designed to be lazy and conserve energy as much as possible, meaning it’s easy for those “just once” exceptions to start creeping into your day. Simply put, goals just don’t provide you with the tools you need to make real change. On the other hand, habitsâ€"small, repeated actionsâ€"compound over time, giving you results you never could have imagined by simply setting a goal. As Atomic Habits author James Clear writes: Changes that seem small and unimportant at first will compound into remarkable results if youre willing to stick with them for years. Here’s an example: Think back to a year ago. What habit do you wish you’d started then and stuck with? If you had decided to write 500 words a day, you’d now have enough for almost 2 novels. Or imagine if you’d gone to the gym every single day for an entire year? The changes feel astronomical, but the actions it takes to get there aren’t on the same scale. How new habits form (and stick) While it’s easy to talk about wanting to build new habits, the reality is that they’re hard to start and even harder to keep. So how do you not only build a new habit but make it stick? The first place to start is understanding how habits form. By their definition, habits are a small action that is repeated regularly and often automatically. In The Power of Habit, author Charles Duhigg explains the 3 steps required in order for a habit to be formed. Cue: A trigger that initiates the habit Routine: The action you take (your habit) Reward: The benefit you get from taking the action Or, as Duhigg puts it: A habit is a formula our brain automatically follows: When I see the CUE, I will do ROUTINE in order to get a REWARD. This sounds simple enough in theory. But how does it work in the real world? Let’s start with an example of a bad habit most of us have developed: Checking our phone too much. Cue: Your phone buzzes, alerting you that some new notification or update is available. Routine: You take your phone out of your pocket, swipe open, and search for the source of the notification. Is it an email? Text? Twitter or Instagram? Reward: You find out what the notification was, satisfying your curiosity that was triggered when your phone buzzed and potentially giving you a hit of dopamine (a “good feeling” chemical released in our brain) from being tagged on social media or seeing a message from a friend. Here’s where the power of habits comes into play. Once you go through this loop enough times your brain will automate the process to the point of not even needing a buzz or notification as a cueâ€"you’ll just mindlessly reach for your phone throughout the day. Now imagine if you replaced that bad habit of checking your phone with a good one? With the right habits, you can make sure you write 500 words every morning or floss your teeth every night, or go to the gym at 5 pm every day. Once you understand the framework that causes a habit to be formed and stick, you can start to use it to build the positive lifestyle you’ve always wanted.       Brainstorm, plan and present your ideas Try MindMeister Its Free! Try MindMeister The importance of starting small Just like the example of building a habit of checking your phone started with a tiny action (phone buzzes, you check), building good work habits needs to follow a similar playbook. The big changes you want to make in your life (writing more, stopping smoking, getting in shape) are just the culmination of thousands of tiny actions. And the more you can automate the decision to do that action and build a habit, the more likely you are to get there. It’s not easy to form these habits (or break bad ones), but it is doable. Here are a few tips to help you get started building better habits: Make the action obvious The cue that triggers your habit sometimes needs a little help getting started. It’s all well and good to say you’re going to eat healthier, but actually following through is another thing. First, start by actually scheduling your habit cue. If you want to eat healthier foods throughout the day, set a timer or a reminder for when you’re most likely to want a snack. Rather than let your bad habit continue unconsciously, you can preempt it. Next, create “if-then” statements for your day. Most habits aren’t time-based but are triggered by another action or observation. For example, “when you sit down at your desk then you start writing” or “when someone sends your a Slack message then you respond right away.” If the action you’re taking in these situations isn’t what you want to do, you can reprogram yourself. Write your new “if-then” statements (such as, “when I get a Slack message then I will set my status to away until I’m ready to respond”) and put them on a sticky note.   Make your routine as easy as possible We often give up on our goals because we’ve been over-ambitious in what we achieve. And if we’re not careful, that same issue can creep into our habits. To stick with them until they become automatic, our habits need to be small and ridiculously easy to do. Instead of working out 5 times a week, which involves scheduling, travel, showering, and cleaning your gym clothes, start by doing 5 pushups or squats, or going for a 5-min walk around the block. As behavioral economist BJ Fogg writes: To create a new habit, you must first simplify the behavior. Make it tiny, even ridiculous. A good tiny behavior is easy to doâ€"and fast. The power of good habits is in their compounding ability. The more you keep them up, the bigger the return. See also: The 5 Second Rule by Mel Robbins (Mind Map Summary) Eliminate bad options and make good ones more   Our environment is an incredibly powerful tool when it comes to building habits. Until a habit becomes automatic it’s still a choice, which means you have to sort through the other, more immediate options. Trying to eat healthier, but your morning meetings ran late? Just grab a slice of pizza. Want to work on your novel but you’re already on the couch at home? Just toss the TV on for a bit. You deserve it! When social psychologist Kathleen Vohs studied the science of self-control, she found that making repeated choices depleted the mental energy of her subjects. And it didn’t even matter if those choices were mundane or relatively pleasant. The easiest way she found to negate this was to simply get rid of the other options. Don’t want to eat unhealthy food? Don’t keep it in the house so you have to go out and drive to the store. Don’t want to watch TV? Unplug it and put it in the closet. Want to start waking up earlier? Use a simple timer outlet to automatically turn off your internet router at a certain time. The more you can make your routine not only the best option but the only option, the more likely it will become automatic. See also: The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People (Mind Map Summary) For better or worse, tiny actions can have massive results There’s nothing wrong with having big, audacious goals. The act of goal setting is a great way to solidify the direction you want to go in and what your priorities are. But it’s not the best way to actually change your life. Instead of going after the big changes, look at the small, tiny, non-obvious actions you take every single day. Do anything for long enough and you’ll see incredible changes to your life. Want more help building better habits? Check out this guide to building good work habits (and getting rid of bad ones). Brainstorm, Plan Collaborate Try MindMeister

Socioeconomic Perspective Of The Singapore Integrated Resorts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 4048 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? 1 Introduction Singapore is a small island city with a total population of about 4.98 million. The local population consists of approximately 74.2% ethnic Chinese, 13.4% Malays and 9.2% Indians. The remainder 3.2% is made up of Eurasians and other foreign workers. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Socioeconomic Perspective Of The Singapore Integrated Resorts" essay for you Create order It is a relatively young population with only 217,000 or 7% of the population currently over the age of 65. This is set to change dramatically from now to 2030 when 800,000 or 18.7% of the population will be aged 65 years and above. The proportion of those between 15 and 45 years currently make up nearly half the population (Singapore Facts and Figures, 2009) The objective of the Integrated Resorts is to strengthen the leisure and entertainment options to enhance Singapores reputation as a must-visit destination for leisure and business visitors. The Integrated Resorts will be part of a larger spectrum of tourism products and are developing to enhance our destination appeal, and will enhance the tourism industry and economy. (Ministry of Trade and Industry, 2010) The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Singapore expanded at an annual rate of 24.00 percent in the last reported quarter. From 2007 until 2010, Singapores average quarterly GDP Growth was 7.62 percent reaching an historical high of 45.70 percent in March of 2010 and a record low of -12.50 percent in June of 2008. Singapore along with Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan is one of the Four Asian Tigers. Singapore has a highly developed and successful free-market economy. It enjoys a per capita GDP higher than that of most developed countries. The economy depends heavily on exports, particularly in consumer electronics, information technology products, pharmaceuticals, and on a growing service sector. This page includes: Singapore GDP Growth Rate chart, historical data and news. (Trading Economics, 2010) There are over 7,000 Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) with operations based in Singapore, 4,000 of which are regional headquarters (Singapore Facts and Figures, 2009). Definition of Socio Economics In most cases, socio economists focus on the social impact of some sort of economic change, which is basically a study of the relationship between the economic activity and social life (Davis et al, 2008). Involve both economic and social factors. 1.2 Objectives of the Research The main objectives of this research are to understand the Socio-Economic Perspective of the Singapore Integrated Resorts. This research deals with the socio-economic factors that have potential impact of the Singapore Integrated Resorts. Its focus is to investigate and analyze the socio-economic impact. Identify and evaluate the significance of the social and economic factors of the Integrated Resorts. For instance gambling addiction, money laundering, Revitalizing of Singapore Tourism Industry and Boost in Singapore Tourism and Economy. The objective of this research to understand the socio economic perceptive of Singapore Integrated resorts, would they have bad or good effect to Singapore and understand the factors how these factors have positive or negative effect on Singapore. 1.3 Research Focus The Focus of this research is to understand the Socio-Economic perceptive of the Singapore Integrated Resorts. The main aim to understand how, the impacts of the Singapore Integrated Resorts can play a vital role in the socio and economic ways. Revitalizing Singapore Tourism Boost for Singapore Tourism and Economy Compulsive Gambling 1.4 Research Questions In this report we have to invest the socio economic- perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts and the effects of these socio and economic perceptive could be negative and positive. How the Integrated Resorts would help in Revitalizing Singapore Tourism. How the Integrated Resorts would help in boosting Singapore Tourism and Economy How the Integrated Resorts could cause Compulsive Gambling Chapter 2 Literature Review The purpose of literature review is to make sure that we analyze the Socio Economic- Perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts and the purpose of the literature review is to select promising measure, methods (Mamchak and Mamchak, 1994) The Integrated Resort (IRs) is undoubtedly a necessary step to Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future economic viability. As Singapore has no natural advantages, it must capitalize its ability to stay at the front of the global economy, with focus to attract foreign investors, tourists and talent. Surveys have suggested that Singapore is seen as unexciting compared to other travel destinations, and has been labeled as conservative, moderate and stale; concentrating on traditional cultural projects like the Asian Village, Tang Dynasty and Haw Par Villa, and failing to move on with new innovations (Straits Times, 2005). Identify and highlight the important variables and document the significant results of earlier research that will serve as the bas is on which the theoretical framework of the investigation can be built and the hypothesis developed (Sekaran, 2003). Based on the research objectives, the researcher will provide relevant concepts in the review of current literature in this chapter. Revitalizing Singapore Tourism Singapore achieved good growth in visitor arrivals of 4.6% during Jan-May 2008, visitor arrivals to Singapore started to decline from June 2008 coinciding with the economic downturn. September/October saw a slight pickup in arrivals due to the 2008 FORMULA 1 SingTel Singapore Grand Prix. Stronger arrivals from West Asia (+15.5%), South Asia (+5.6%), Oceania (+6.6%) and Europe (+4.5%) also helped to cushion the downward pressure on arrivals. As a result, Singapore ended the year with a marginal decline of 1.6% in arrivals to reach a total of 10.1 million visitor arrivals. Visitor arrivals to Singapore fell by 4.5% year-on-year in July 2009 to reach 881,000 visitors. Visitorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s days were estimated at 4.6% million days, year-on-year decrease of 11.6% in comparison of July 2008 (923,000), The decline in tourism is certainly a concern for Singapore and the solution is to revitalize Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s tourism and create a unique Singapore niche. There is little point in selling Singapore as a country rich in heritage and culture; rather, the Integrated Resorts will market the modern entertainment, vibrant city life, and a constantly changing environment Singapore can best call her own (Singapore Tourism Board, 2009). Figure 1 Decline in tourism in 2008 C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore factsdrop in numbers.png Source: Singapore Tourism Board, 2010 Singapore Tourism Boards (STB) can see the potential attraction of the Integrated Resort as an economic case to revitalize the tourism attractions which have become luster over the years. The two Integrated Resorts can bring more prospective investors and they could invest up to some $5 billion and create about 35,000 jobs for the whole economy. (Ministry of Home Affairs, 18th April, 2005) The integrated Resorts played an important role and the visitor arrivals to Singapore registered 18.4% growth to reach 947,000 in September 2010, the highest number of arrivals received in the month of September. This also marks the tenth consecutive month of record visitor arrivals. This monthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s visitor arrivals can be partly attributed to the hosting of the Formula 1 SingTel Singapore Grand Prix, the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s only Formula One night race and the draw of the many leisure and entertainment events under the Grand Prix Season Singapore 2010 (Singapore Tourism Board, 2010). China is ranked third among the top 15. There is good potential for the Chinese tourists market. With the rise of China and the influx of middle-income Chinese tourists the segment with the largest growth potential, in which most are willing to gamble at the gaming tables, the IRs would become more crucial than ever. The Feedback Unit itself has ascertained that Singapore wants an iconic destination resort that offers world-class entertainment and leisure facilities not a mere gambling facility like Macau. Figure 2 Visitors arrival 2009/10 C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore f actsvisitors arrivals.png Source: STB 2010 Figure 3: Visitors arrival top 15 markets 2010 C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore factsvisiots arrival 2010.png Source: STB 2010 Figure 4 Visitors arrival 2007/08 C:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag itVisitordec 07,dec08.png Source: STB 2010 The socio economic perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts have really revitalized the tourism sector of Singapore as shown in the figure above and the tourism industry has grown rapidly as there are a lot of visitors coming to Singapore to check out the new Integrated Resorts, leisure and recreation purpose. Singapore had rapid hotel growth and development over the past two years with the openings of The St. Regis Singapore (April 2008), Capella Singapore (March 2009), Integrtaed Resorts and the Fullerton Bay Hotel Singapore. The hotels are doing very good business as their occupancy rate has really grown up and they are performing well. The new hotel openings come at a time when visitor arrivals numbers to Singapore are seeing an increase. The destination saw visitor arrival numbers increase by 30.3 percent to 946,000 visitors total in May 2010, compared to the same period last year, which saw 726,000 visitor arrivals. May marked the sixth consecutive month during which Singapore saw record tourism arrival numbers. The country expects to reach its goal of at least 11.5 million total visitor arrivals by the end of 2010 (Travel Age West, 2010) Average Occupancy Rate (AOR) posted a 5.2 percentage point increase over September 2009 to reach 82% in September 2010. (STB, 2010) Figure 5 Hotels average occupancy 2009/10 C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore factshotel occupancy in 2010.pngSource: STB, 2010 Average Room Rate (ARR3) increased by 13.1% over September 2009 to reach an estimate of S$233 in September 2010. Figure 6 Average Room Rate 2009/2010C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore factshotel arr.png Source: STB 2010 2.2 Boost Singapore Tourism and Economy The Integrated Resorts brings in entertainment and conventions, hospitality and retail outlets, which will help to increase the demand for hotel services, greater patronage at restaurants and heightened convention and exhibition activities. Studies and surveys have shown that tourism numbers and spending increase with the development of IRs. The Integrated Resorts in Singapore is not like the gambling facilities in Macau or Australia, which mainly cater to local patrons. One possible model for Singapore is a premium themed mega-resort, which has a large scale development that takes advantage of beach and marina settings to create a truly get-away holiday feel for visitors and locals Supporters of Integrated Resorts have claimed that touristà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s duration and repeated visits would also increase. Singapore Tourism Board also supports the project, as it believes that the IRs has help to boost the tourism industry and enhance Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s attractiveness as a tourism destination. Being among the top-three visitor-generating markets, China (with increasing number of middle-class), and Japan (with existence of high rollers), serve as attractive target segments for Singapore (Singapore Tourism Board, 2009). There has been a great change from the paradigm over the past century. Governments and developers around the world have caught on the race to mastermind, create and develop Integrated Resorts and Entertainment which creates positive value propositions and potential growth to the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s image and economic strength of Singapore. Between 1993 and 2002, tourismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s contribution to GDP dropped from 6.1% to 3%, and our share of the Asia Pacific tourist flow fell from 8% in 1998 to 6% in 2002. Extremely moderate. Figure 7: Assessing the Economic Impacts Integrated Resort: Assessing the Economic Impacts Total Revenue of about $ 270 million, of which $212 million are derived from gaming activates Contribution to GDP of about $500 million, which is 0.4 of Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s 2003 GDP Employment of people of 3600 Source: Forecast by Assoc Prof Winston Koh, Singapore Management University The Singapore Tourism Board (STB) has forecasted its tourism industry for 2010, predicting that between 11.5 million to 12.5 million visitors will arrive, with S$12.6 billion ($9 billion) to S$13.3 billion ($9.52 billion) in tourism receipts. The forecast can be attributed to Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dramatic transformation as a result of multibillion-dollar investments in new tourism infrastructure (Singapore Tourism Board, 2010). The Integrated Resorts play a vital role in attracting the visitors through Casinos, Shopping Centers, Universal Studios, different types of Hotels, Convention halls and restaurants. Singapores two integrated resorts are a major boost to the cou ntrys economy, said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. The Prime Minister said he is glad that visitors are generally happy with the IRs as such attractions make the economy more vibrant and the city more colorful. He added that the IRs have created buzz and both were packed with visitors on their opening days, creating many jobs in the hospitality and tourism sector. According to media reports, nearly 200 bus loads of Malaysian tourists a day are visiting the IRs. (Channel News Asia, 2010) Asia in particular is fuelled by rapid growth, economic interest for the business and leisure group. Plenty of investors both local and foreign are becoming aware that Integrated Resorts are now becoming the of city life with important socio economic implications. (Integrated resorts and Entertainment 2010) Singaporeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth accelerated to a record 18.1 percent pace in the first half of 2010, spurring the currency and putting the island on course to overtake China as Asiaà ¢Ã¢â €š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fastest-growing economy this year. Gross domestic product expanded at a 26 percent annualized pace in the second quarter from the previous three months, after a revised 45.9 percent gain in January to March, the trade ministry said today. Growth in the first half was the fastest since records began in 1975, prompting the government to predict GDP will rise 13 percent to 15 percent in 2010 (Bloomberg,2010) Figure 8 Singapore GDP Growth rates 2007/2010C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore facts11-10-2010 1-48-36 PM.png C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore factsgdp.png Source: Trading Economics (2010) Singapores two integrated resorts are a major boost to the countrys economy, said Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. The Prime Minister said he is glad that visitors are generally happy with the IRs. He added that the IRs have created buzz and both were packed with visitors on their opening days, creating many jobs in the hospitality and tourism sector. (Channel News Asia, 2010) In the case of the tourist-related services, like Hong Kong, Singapore has enjoyed a big bounce in tourist arrivals during the first 5 months of 2010, and theres an extra boost from the Integrated Resorts opening. Jimmy Koh, head of Economic-Treasury Research, United Overseas Bank, said: Most of us are still expecting a moderate 5 to 6 more per cent growth for 2011. This will put Singapore on track to possibly becoming the worlds fastest growing economy, surpassing even China. On an annualized and seasonally adjusted basis, Singapore economy expanded 26.0 per cent in the April-June period (Channel news Asia, 2010) Figure 9, 10, 11 Visitors arrive 2009/10. 2008/09. 2009/10C:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag itjuly 2010 visitors.png C:UsersDickeyDesktopSnag itVisitor10-23-2010 2-22-36 PM.png C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore factsvisitors arrivals.png Tourism in Singapore is expected to experience a boom this year due to Integrated Resorts. Industry players say there are now over 950 tr avel agents in Singapore an increase of over 100 from previous year. Travel agents told Media Corp that there are now more queries on visiting Universal Studios Singapore, Casinos and Hotels. Some operators are also increasing investments to expand their businesses and gain a bigger share of the tourism dollar. The two integrated resorts are expected to bring in more tourists to Singapore in the next one to two years. (Channel News Asia, 2010) 2.3 Compulsive Gambling As reported in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? on 27 August, 2009, Singaporeans have a love for gambling. Singaporeans reportedly indulged in gambling, such as 4D, TOTO, and Football betting and horse-racing. Their growing appetite for gambling drove an increase of 3.6% in betting and sweepstakes duties, totaling S$1.4 billion (4D accounted for S$1.1 billion). Individuals claimed S$19 billion in reliefs (for example CPF, child, caregiver, maid levy, NS man); 218,600 people with assessable income of over S$20,000 did not have to pay tax (Today, 27 Aug, 2009). Figure 11 People Queuing outside Singapore Pools C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore factsSingapore pools.png Source: Today 2009 PM Lee Hsien Loong at Parliament Sitting, 18 April 2005. Integrated Resorts (IRs) are a significant proposal to boost our tourism industry. The government has been studying this idea for over years. The issue has been debated intensely, both among the public and within the government, because the IRs has a gaming component that is a casino. Many Singaporeans have spoken up both for and against. One of the key issues would be compulsive gambling as a social impact of having a casino in Singapore. So there will be the casino regulator. The Ministry of Home Affairs set up a new regulatory agency to regulate the casino. The casino regulator will put in place a strict regulatory to ensure that the casino remains free from criminal influence and that illegal activities on the premises are kept under control. Singaporeans love for gambling could be issue as people would have a compulsion for gambling. Casino gaming is becoming widely available around the world and Singapore, intention is not to develop a gambling attraction that compete in the gambling market (Lee, 2005). The Integrated Resorts in Singapore will not be like the gambling facilities in Macau or Australia, which mainly cater to local patrons. One possible model for Singapore is a premium themed mega-resort, which has a large scale development that takes advantage of beach and marina settings to create a truly get-away holiday feel for visitors. The Integrated Resorts are having issues raised included concerns that the casinos is resulting in increased compulsive gambling and undesirable activities linked with gambling such as loan sharks and organized crime.  In what is said to be one of the biggest losses yet at a Singapore casino, a local businessman lost $26.3 million over three days of gambling in June 2010. This included a staggering $18 million that he lost in one day alone. (Today, June 2010). These are the signs of compulsive gambling. Singapore love for gambling can become a compulsive gambling issues and casino industry in Asia has been booming over the years, both legally and illegally, despite moral and religious barriers in legalizing and operating gambling facilities for recreation. Now the Integrated resorts being operating in Singapore which gives the resid ents of Singapore to gamble but with a levy charged upon entry. Singapore has being the hub for gambling for several years as shown in the figure below before the Integrated Resorts even, but now it is legally allowed by law to gamble with responsible gambling. Figure 12 Gambling Participation Rates by Type of Games (%) C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore facts11-15-2010 10-17-29 PM.png Source: Gambling Survey 2008 2.4 Theoretical Framework Based on the theoretical framework the theoretical framework is there to test the validity of an existing theory. It is easier to understand the theoretical framework if it is viewed as the answers to the collected interrelated concepts. Revitalize Singapore Tourism IV 1 Socio Economic Perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts DV Boost Singapore Economy and Tourism IV 2 Compulsive Gambling IV 3 2.5 Hypothesis Development Hypothesis development is necessary as it shows a relationship between two or more variables expressed in the form of testable statement. (Sekaran, 2003: pg 103). Based on the research topic the final independent variable and dependant variable are as follows. Revitalize Singapore Tourism. (IV 1) Boost Singapore Economy and Tourism. (IV 2) Compulsive Gambling. (IV 3) Socio Economic Perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts. (DV) 2.6 Null hypothesis Addressed by: = 0 Finding: There is no relationship between the IVs and DV The null hypotheses represent that the independent variable (IVs) and do not have effect on the outcome of Dependent Variable DV. Table of Null Hypotheses H1 = Hypothesis 1. Revitalize Singapore Tourism H2 = Hypothesis 2. Boost Singapore Economy and Tourism H3 = Hypothesis 3. Compulsive Gambling = 0 = = Ho H1= Ho There is no significant effect of Revitalize Singapore Tourism on Social Economic Perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts H2= Ho There is no significant effect of Boost Singapore Economy and Tourism on Social Economic Perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts H3= Ho There is no significant effect of Compulsive Gambling on Social Economic Perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts Alternative Hypothesis Addressed by: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 meaning that à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   Ho Finding: There is either negative or positive relationship between the IVs and DV Procedure : The alternative hypotheses represent that the outcomes are different from zero; in particular, it could be greater (positive) or lesser (negative). As a result, IVs positively relate to the DV if alternative hypotheses greater than zero and negatively relate to the DV if alternative hypotheses lesser than zero. To find out how significant IVs positively or negatively relate to DV, Alternative Hypotheses are measured. The alternate hypothesis  which is the opposite of the null is a statement expressing a relationship between two variables or indicating differences between groups. (Sekaran Bougie, 2003) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   0 = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   Ho H1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   Ho There is either positive or negative effect of Revitalize Singapore Tourism on Socio Economic Perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts H2à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   Ho There is either positive or negative effect of Boost Singapore Economy and Tourism on Socio Economic Perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts H3à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚   Ho There is either positive or negative effect of Compulsive Gambling on Socio Economic Perceptive of Singapore Integrated Resorts Research Design The main aim of this research is to conduct a descriptive study and a correlation study. Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena to describe what exists with respect to variables or conditions in a situation. The methods involved range from the survey which describes the status, the correlation study which investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental studies which seek to determine changes over time. (Key, 1997) In this research the researcher wants to relate the independent variables and the dependent variables. Descriptive study and a correlation study would help in identifying the information, design a procedure to gather the information and analyze the information with the help of the IVà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and DV. 3.1 Research Methodologies In order to collect the data for my research it is necessary to get an understanding of the data collection methods. There are many research methods but according to the topic nature we are doing a qualitative study. Qualitative research is unstructured exploratory in nature based on small samples and may utilize popular qualitative techniques such as group interviews, word association asking respondents to indicate their first responses to stimulus words and interviews For the purpose of this research the survey questionnaire of quantitative research is more effective in collecting and analyzing a huge amount of data. Furthermore the time to collect and study the answers from questionnaire is shorter as well. As a result the survey questionnaire of quantitative is the most suitable method to this research. (Malhotra, 2007) 3.2 Data Collection Methods According to the research design we are going to the following methods Secondary Data: Secondary data are the existing sources which were produced by earlier researchers for some specific purposes. According to the research topic we are using secondary data collections ways as it is from existing sources. (Blaxter et al, 2001) Primary Data: Primary data are original information collected by researchers to fulfill numerous purposes of research. The investigators could collect primary data by using various methods such as direct interviews, interviews through telephone, questionnaires, observations and others. (Macneill and Chapman, 2005) In this research, secondary data will be collected through magazines, journals, newspaper reports, company manuals, brochures and annual reports. 3.3 Data Collection Methods In this research, the researcher uses a questionnaire to gather data due to questionnaire is an effective data collection mechanism when the researcher knows exactly what is required and how to measure the variables of interest (Sekaran, 2003). Data would be collected through magazines, journals, newspaper reports, and brochures. To capture data, questionnaires are designed accordingly to specific information needed. In order to be precise, the question will be set as simple as possible. The number of question is small and the words are simplified. Before the questionnaire is practiced, they should be pre-tested to see how it works and improved if there is any mistake. 3.4 Data analysis The researcher needs an effective data analysis tool to examine the chosen hypothesis at the beginning step. SPSS which stands for Statistics Package of Social Science is considered the best method in statistical analysis. This software allows researchers to enhance their perception of the data and interpretation of the output. (Weinberg and Abramowitz, 2002) The main jobs of researcher are to decide the needed variables before entering the input to the software, to select correct statistical tests to analyze data and to interpret the final output results. (Bryman and Bell, 2007) 3.5 Pilot-Testing The purpose of doing pilot testing is to detect weaknesses in design and content in the instrument before it is reach final steps. (Fink, 2003), 12 peoples are required to be tested. The pilot tested should monitor the ease with which respondents complete the questionnaire, and also the ease with respondents to complete the questionnaire (Fink, 2003). 4 Ethical issues While conducting survey and interview for the research, the researcher should consider the code of ethical issue. The major responsibility of the researcher is to inform clearly and accurately the surveyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s purpose and content to respondents so that they can make decision whether they wish to participate. The researcher should also show the respect to the participants by keeping their answers confidential based on the guidelines of the university. Furthermore researcher need to guarantee the data must be used only for this particular report. No Content Month Nov, Dec 2010 Jan Feb 2010 Mar Apr 2010 Week 1,2 3,4 1,2 1,2 1,2 3,4 1,2 3,4 1,2 3,4 1,2 1 Problem Identification 2 Literature Review 3 Research Design 4 Choice of Methodology 5 Data Sources 6 Data Collection 7 Data Analysis 8 Writing up Draft 9 Editing 10 Final Document 11 Binding of Document 5 Schedules Figure 13: Singapore Population .Source: Singapore department of Statistics C:UsersDickeyDesktopSingapore facts11-10-2010 2-07-49 PM.png

Classical Management Theories in Contemporary Management

Journal of Management and Marketing Research Infusing value: application of historical management concepts at a modern organization Andrew H. Clem Nova Southeastern University Bahaudin G. Mujtaba Nova Southeastern University Abstract History and the relative global marketplace have always proven to large organizations that there will continue to be wavering economic waters to navigate as well as deal with constant changes in the business environment. Today’s economy is no different, and management strategies are continually tested to withstand the slow return to prosperity. Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) has historically been able to weather these environmental business factors through insightful management†¦show more content†¦In fact, employee ownership has been described as that it â€Å"carries with it a sense of responsibility, a concern for the long-term welfare of the organization, and better human relations†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Pohlman Gardiner, 2000, p. 182) Jeff Gates, author of The Ownership Solution, places a strong argument on the positive side of employee ownership , almost placing a warning on companies that do not participate in this form Classical Management Theories of ownership. Mr. Gates states that â€Å"unless ownership in contemporary organizations is significantly broadened to include employees at every level in the organization (as opposed to ownership almost entirely by investors), corporations will become increasingly disconnected from the personal consciences of those who work inside them† (Pohlman Gardiner, p. 45). 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Organisational Development Assignment Free Essays

I POL POYTECHNIC OF NAMIBIA Harold Pupkewitz Graduate School of Business ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET ————————————————- HP-GSB STAMP Assignments must be submitted in hard copy to:- The Secretary HP-GSB Reception Tel 061 207-2850 Date Received: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Time Received: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ————————————————- I declare that this assignment is our own work. We will write a custom essay sample on Organisational Development Assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now I further declare that where material has been used from other sources, whether by paraphrasing or by direct quotation, it has been fully acknowledged and referenced. I have retained a copy of this assignment for my records. ————————————————- Student’s Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Signed below) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Date: 28 September 2012 SURNAME amp;| Mr. Anton Scheun | †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ | FIRST NAME:| | | STUDENT NUMBER:| | | COURSE TITLE:| Masters in Leadership and Change Management| | MODULE TITLE| ODOrganisational Development| | MODULE FACILITATOR:| Dr. S. Pillay| | ASSIGNMENT DUE DATE:| 10 October 2012| | This is to certify that the assignment is the work of the student, Mr A. Scheun and where sources were consulted; reference was made to them under he reference table. ii Mr. ANTON SCHEUN 9328548 ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSIGNMENT iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. Learning Organisation A Learning Organisation is organisations or enterprises that continuously needs to learn and renew themselves. This indeed has many advantages for both the individual and organisation in that continuous transferring of knowledge and changing of behaviours takes place. The best way to implement such intervention, to become a learning organisation, is to link it to the Strategic, Tactical, Operational and Individual Plans of staff members in the organisation. This will ensure integration and everyone contributing to the achievement of the goals and objectives of the enterprise. By so doing, members and the organisation become learning organisations, because this create dialogue, debate, problem solving skills, communication, buy-in and a win-win combination to all parties. 2. Performance Management System The purpose of Performance Management systems for organisations is to measure the achievement and performance of both individuals and the organisation as a whole. The PSN has already implemented a PMS at Offices, Ministries, Agencies and Regional Councils. A Performance Management System can only â€Å"survive† if all staff members are committed, trained and have the culture to effectively implement such a system. The advantages are enormous of which individual as well as organisational goals are met at the end of the day. The effective implementation of a PMS for the OPM will indeed contribute to effective and efficient customer needs and satisfaction levels. 3. Total Quality Management Total Quality Management is an area which has been neglected in the past by the Public Service of Namibia (PSN). As an example, all secretaries, institutional workers, drivers and courier’s individual performance plans are integrated and aligned to the Strategic Plan of the OPM for the support and attainment of corporate functions. 2. 2. 4 Team Learning; Team learning involves relevant thinking skills that enable groups of people to develop intelligence and an ability that is greater than the sum of individual members’ talents. As an example, team meetings are conducted during Annual Management Strategic formulation and development sessions by all team unit members. This indeed creates team learning, because all ideas, inputs and strategies being formulated are considered and the best are incorporated in respective plans. By so doing, all team members are buy-in and all sub-units contribute to the achievement of the overall goal and objectives of the OPM. 2. 2. 5 Systems Thinking: Systems thinking involve a way of thinking about, and a language for describing and understanding forces and interrelationships that shape the behaviour of systems. It helps managers and employees alike to see how to change systems more effectively and to act more in tune with the larger processes of the natural and economic world. For example, all unit members of the OPM were involved with the formulation and /or review of their business re-engineering processes. These business processes, such as the recruitment process, were amended to consider and improve time, manpower needs, costs and approval authorities in order to improve, integrate and streamline such processes to the betterment of the OPM. Through this process, policies, structure and budgets were identified for further amendment and alignment to the organisations systems and strategic plans. System thinking also involves the identification of appropriate systems that should be upgraded, such as an appropriate Human Resources Information Management System in order to accommodate personal particulars, performance appraisals, rewards and salary increments to mention a few. 4 3. The under-mentioned interventions are recommended for the Permanent Secretary (PS) of the Office of the Prime Minister (OPM): 3. That the OPM’s Strategic Plan be amended to incorporate a goal: â€Å"Creating a Learning Organisation by 2015†, and objectives with strategies or initiatives, as spelled out below, be included. 3. 2 That the following strategies/interventions be considered: (a) That all management cadre and managers/supervisors be included in the review of the Annual Management Plan of the OPM on a yearly basis. This will allow for buy-in, developing of intellectual stimulating, argumentation and strategy formulation for the respective tactical, operational and individual plans of the units. b) That the same team retreat to review, amend and/or formulate all business re-engineering processes of the OPM. This will allow for team building, building a sense of commitment system thinking and creating mental models based on reflecting of where the units are and where they want to be in terms of business processes. (c) That a Training needs assessment be conducted by the training components in order to identify competency, skills and behavioural deficiencies. This will enable the OPM to identify and ectify these deficiencies and also to build capacity in the OPM and Public Service of Namibia. (PSN) (d) That staff members be identified and trained as mentors and coaches to affect mentorship programmes in the OPM and to become coaches in their respective units. This will enable transfer of knowledge, skills and change in behaviours of staff. Further that mentors and coaching will contribute to personal mastery of individual needs and objectives with OPM’s objectives. e) That units should developed in-service –training programmes in areas of identified deficiencies, such as policy formulation, disciplinary procedures, recruitment and placement, etc. This will contribute to capacity building and attention to day-to-day deficiencies in the work place. It will allow for cross cultural and unit team building and problem solving issues. (f) That the training budget be utilised to accommodate for short courses and leadership/ management development for individuals, teams and the broader organisation. This will indeed contribute a link between individual and organisational goal achievement, capacity building, inputs, innovation and team learning. (g) That as part of career development, managers be transferred, every five years to new posts. Further, that job rotation and job enlargement is implemented in job descriptions to stretch the work and employee capacities for development of prospective staff members to higher posts as part of the succession plan of the OPM. 5 (h) That a Bursary Scheme be created to allow staff members to study in identified fields where capacity is needed in the OPM. This will assist the OPM in skills shortages and to develop capacity of staff and the organisation. (i) That focus groups, tasks teams and committees be created as a stimulus for ideas, problem solving, creating of new innovations in the fields of disaster management, employment creation and measures to retention staff members at the OPM. (j) That a more generative learning approach be adopted by the OPM, whereby staff has the opportunity to take risks, make mistakes, reflect on their decisions they had taken and change their behaviours accordingly. 3. 3. Conclusion: The OPM, as well as any organisation are facing constant challenges in the creation of themselves to become a learning organisation. The creation of a learning organisation is not a short term strategy and cannot be done overnight, but should rather be long-termed focused and be part of any strategic plan of a given enterprise. In its guest to become a learning organisation, the Public Service of Namibia and the OPM are facing the problem to be used as a springboard to obtain relevant experience and qualifications, where after staff members resign to look for greener pastures. The organisational interventions that were recommended will definitely assist the OPM to become a more effective learning organisation in the near future. 1. 2 Performance Management 1. 2. 1 The following definitions are postulated: (a) Performance management is the process of creating a work environment or setting in which people are enabled to perform to the best of their abilities. Performance management is a whole work system that begins when a job is defined as needed. It ends when an employee leaves your organization†. (www. humanresources. about. com ,cited 6/10/2012) b) Performance means:† the act or process of performing or carrying out†. (Oxford Dictionary, page 885) (c) â€Å"An assessment of an employee, process, equipment or other factor to gauge progress toward predetermined goals† (www. businessdictionary. com,cited 6/10/2012) (d) The students own definition is: â€Å"Performance management is a management system, used by managers, to appraise employees with relation to goal achievement, corrective measures to be implemented and identifying future knowledge, skills and behaviours to improve performance of people†. 6 1. 2. What are the challenges with regard to a Performance Management System (PMS)? The challenges are: (a) Line managers are not always totally committed to the implementation processes of the PMS. (b) It requires total commitment from top management, management cadres, line managers, supervisors, performance champions and staff members. (c) It requires a mind shift to a new performance culture. (d) It is an integrated approach that links to Directives, Rules, and Regulations. (e) It identifies and needs coaching, mentoring, training and in-service training programmes. f) It provides for an integrated budget approach. (g) Performance champions and drivers should be identified and trained. (h) PMDS Moderating Committees should be established to monitor, evaluate and provide corrective actions. (i) It is time consuming to conduct performance appraisals and keep records of performance and behaviours of employees. (j) It should be benchmark with other organisations to effect total quality management and to keep abreast with latest developments and performance management computerized systems. 1. 2. What are the benefits of a Performance Management System? The benefits are: (a) To generate information that supports other human resources activities, i. e. recruitment and selection, rewards and special treatment, disciplinary and grievances, HIV/AIDS and wellbeing, bursary, training and development to mention a few. (b) It serves as a two way communication channel between line managers and staff members through which clarity is obtained regarding the achievement of goals and objectives and what each party expects from the other. 7 c) It helps to clarify job descriptions, organisational goals and objectives. (d) It is a long term (continuous) process in which performance improves over time. (e) It relies on consensus and cooperation between employer and employee, rather than control or coercion. (f) It requires a management style which is open and honest and encourages two-way communication and constant feedback on level of staff members’ performances. (g) It assists managers and staff members to measure and assess performance against jointly agreed objectives, standards and key performance indicators. h) It contributes to organisational learning, organisational renewal and total quality management and to the achie vement of Vision 2030 of Namibia. 1. 2. 4 The under-mentioned interventions are recommended for the Permanent Secretary (PS) of the OPM: (a) The PSN should establish and operationalized a PMS, based on the Balance Score card approach of Dr’s Kaplan and Norton. To do this, a PMS Policy framework and guiding manual for staff members should be compiled and linked to the Public Service Act, Act No. 13 of 1995. (b) In order to roll-out the PMS, the following sub-interventions are needed: 1) Strategic Plans need to be developed and explained to all staff members in order to get buy-in and change mind sets of public servants. (2) Strategic Plans should be cascaded to tactical, operational and group/individual performance plans and performance contracts to legalise and create accountability for the achievement or non- achievement of organisational goals, objectives and activities. (3) Strategic Plans should be supplemented by structural changes, job analysis, manpower planning to effectively integrate PMS with other main and sub-systems of the PSN. 4) The PMS should be market through a vision, mission, values, communication and training strategy. To this performance champions should be identified, trained and use to train –the –trainer in Offices, Ministries, Agencies and Regional Councils (OMARC’s). Training interventions should be develop to train ministers, permanent se cretaries and management cadres to obtain buy-in and commitment. (5) Different committees should be established to oversee the implementation, monitoring, evaluation, corrective action, appeal procedures and reward systems of the PSN. To this, a PMS Management Committee, a PMS Working Committee and a PMS Training and Champion Committee should be established to effect implementation with terms of references. 8 (6) In order for PMS to be effectively and efficiently implemented, it should be rolled-out as a project. To this J. P. Kotter’s Eight- Step model is recommended to implement the PMS as a change management initiative. (Robbins amp; Judge, 2011). Refer to Appendix: A- a presentation which was given by Group 2. (c) Performance Agreements or Packs should be compiled and sign-off between the supervisors and staff member. d) Job profiles or descriptions should be compiled and attached to performance agreements. These two elements display the incumbent position to what is required, whereby the performance agreement emphasized the goals and objectives that need to be achieved by the individual or group. (e) The Disciplinary Policy should be amended to cater for under performers and staff who fail to perform a t all. (f) Rewards, both intrinsic and extrinsic should form part of the PMS Policy framework. (g) The appraisal procedure, assessment marks and template to enter performance data should form part of the PMS Operational Manual. h) Recognition to staff should be given, annually, on the 23 June of each year, to coincide with the celebration of Africa Public Service Day. (i) A budget vote should be given to OMARC’s to cater for financial expenses. (j) The appraisal of staff should be conducted on a quarterly basis. (k) OMARC’s should submit a performance report to the OPM on an annual basis as part of their Annual Report on their respective performances. 1. 2. 5. Conclusion: It is the opinion of the student that the OPM and any organisation should have a PMS system to track performances of people against those objectives in their performance contracts. The PMS system will not only contribute to performance per se, but will encourage open communication, feedback, problem solving issues which inter alia contribute to organisational learning and a system of total quality management. The effective implementation of a PMS for the OPM will indeed contribute to effective and efficient customer needs and satisfaction levels. 9 3. Total Quality Management 3. 1 Introduction: Total Quality Management (TQM) has started in the USA in the mid-1970’s. Philip Crosby, one of the founders of TQM claimed that over 90% of TQM initiatives failed. Studies in European countries found a failure rate of 70% or more. The reason for this is that managers experience problems how to manage the change process in implementing a total TQM system. (Burnes, 2009). TQM exceeds the product quality approach, involves all employees in the organisation and encompasses all functions, i. e. administration, communications, distribution, manufacturing, marketing, planning, training, etc. (www. businessdictionary. com ,cited 2012) 3. 2 The following definitions are postulated: a) TQM can be defined: â€Å"as an executive commitment to a management culture which fosters the improvement of quality of all activities and products via the prioritisation of quality plus companywide organisational development and training†. (Hill, 2011). (b) â€Å"Total Quality Management or TQM is an integrative philosophy of management for continuously improving the quality of products and processes†. (www. wikipedia. com ,cited 2012) (c) â€Å"TQM is an improvement program which provides tools and techniques for continuous improvement based on facts and analysis; and if properly implemented, it avoids counterproductive organisational infighting†. www. acounting4management. com/total _quality management. htm, 2012). 3. 3 The meaning of Total Quality Management: TQM has different meanings that include the following features: (a) The commitment and direct involvement of the highest-level executives in setting quality goals and policies, allocation of resources, and monitoring of results. (b) Realisation that transforming and organisation means fundamental changes in basic beliefs and practises and that this transformation is everyone’s job. (c) Building quality into products and practices right from the beginning. d) Understanding of the changing needs of the internal and external customers, stakeholders, and satisfying them in a cost effective manner. 10 (e) Instituting leadership in place of mere supervision so that every individual performs in the best possible manner to improve quality and productivity, thereby reducing total cost. (f) Eliminating barriers between people and departments so that they work as teams to achieve common objectives. (g) Instituting flexible programs for training and education, and providing me aningful 3. 4 The advantages and disadvantages of Total Quality Management: . 4. 1 The advantages are: (a) Lower costs. â€Å"TQM lower costs throughout the business infrastructure and organisation. Because it is an all-encompassing quality management programme, TQM helps different departments to communicate their needs, problems and desires with each other, so that workable solutions can be found that will help the organisation cut costs throughout the supply chain, distribution chain, shipping and receiving, accounting and management departments without losing productivity or the ability to operate rapidly in the face of change. (www. ehow. com ,cited 7/10/2012) (b) Improved Reputation. â€Å"TQM has the advantage of improving corporate as well as product reputations in the marketplace, because errors and defective products are discovered much more rapidly than other a non-TQM system, and often before they are ever sent to market or found in the hands of public†. (www. ehow. com ,cited 7/10/2012) (c) Higher employee morale. â€Å"Workers are motivat ed by extra responsibility, team work and involvement in decisions of TQM†. (www. ehow. om ,cited 7/10/2012) (d) Quality control inspectors. â€Å"Inspectors will ensure that the products and services meet the requirements and standards of the client and organisation, which indeed contribute to better service delivery†. 3. 4. 2 The disadvantages are: (a) Resistance to change. † Workers may feel that their jobs or occupations within the company are at risks under a comprehensive TQM program, and as a result, they may be slow or resistant to making the necessary changes for the TQM to work properly. In addition, skilled workers may be lost as they decide to leave because of their unease at the direction that things are headed within the company, or they may not implement things properly, costing increase cost†. (www. ehow. com ,cited 7/10/2012) 11 (b) High cost of time. The high cost of implementing a TQM program, and the fact that it may take several years for the program to be fully implemented before results and benefits are seen, can be a huge disadvantage to a TQM program, especially in today’s uncertain economic conditions. TQM should be considered a long-term investment†. (www. ehow. com ,cited 7/10/2012) (c) Resistant to change. Workers may be resistant to change and may feel less secure in their jobs†. (www. ehow. com ,cited 7/10/2012) 3. 5 The under-mentioned interventions are recommended for the Permanent Secretary (PS) of the OPM: The Total Quality Management System is highly recommended for the Public Service due to the following reasons: (a) The PSN needs an instrument which can measure products (i. e. annual reports, speeches, etc. and services(i. e. Health, identity cards, Namibian passports, birth and death certificates, vehicle fleet services, maintenance and fuel consumption, the return on investment of training ) to improve service delivery clients, customers and the public at large. (b) Total Quality Management will ensure the minimisation of wastage. (c) TQM will contribute to effective and efficient service delivery to internal and external clients, and especially to the Pre sidents Office, Prime Minister, and cabinet. d) TQM will ensure that the food donated to crisis areas, such as Katima Mulilo and Oshikoto Region, during the extreme rainy seasons as well as drought relief programmes, be monitored and/or not get rotten. (e) TQM will contribute to team building and cross functional interaction, problem solving and sound debate between Offices, Ministries, Agencies and Regional Councils (OMASRC’s). (f) It will ensure that product and services could be branded which in turn will have a positive impact on the OMASRC’s and government as a whole. g) It will create stimulus to team work, higher sensitivity levels, greater responsibilities and even empowerment of staff members in the execution of this specific function. It may also make staff members proud to see the end results of product and services in which they were directly involved in. (h) It will force the OPM to set standards and requirements for products and services which will eventually lead to the creation of Namibia’s own government brand, such as the SABS standards. (i) It will create further employment of specialist as inspectors that will not only be utilised for inspection of such products and services, but can also 2 be i ncorporated in a Department of Inspectorate for the Public Service of Namibia. Such a Department doesn’t exist and need serious consideration. (j) As with resistance to change, it’s recommended that Kotter’s eight step plan be followed, as indicated in Appendix: A. (k) That a vote is created and the Ministry of Finance be assigned to allocated funds for the implementation of TQM in the PSN. (l) That the OPM, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of Transport and Communications be used as pilot ministries in the first two years during roll-out of the project. 3. 6. Conclusion: The PSN and the government need a quality software system to evaluate its products and services. There is a public outcry that the PSN and Government should improve customer satisfaction by bringing their services to the public and that they should change. It’s the opinion of the student that TQM, as a management tool will provide for such a measurement in order to provide effective and efficient service delivery to clients, customers and stakeholders. TQM will significantly help to improve the standard and measurement of performance management in the PSN. . Six Sigma: 4. 1 Introduction: The originator of the Six Sigma concept was Bill Smith in 1986. Quality improvement controls, such as TQM, were used to pioneer this concept. Six Sigma is the process of eliminating and perfect data entry. This concept is based on project methodologies used to strengthen performance levels, according to www. insigma. com. In 2006, Motorola issued a press release stating that they h ad $17 billion saved from Six Sigma†. (www. ehow. com ,cited 7/10/2012) 4. 2 Definition: a) The project definition of TQM is defined as;† Six Sigma projects have clearly defined deliverables, are management approved, are not so big that they’re unmanageable and not so little that they’re unimportant or uninteresting, and relate directly to the organisation,s mission, according to www. isixsigma. com†. (www. ehow. com ,cited 7/10/2012) 13 4. 3 Advantages and disadvantages of six sigma: 4. 3. 1 The advantages are: (a) â€Å"The advantage is that Six Sigma is a quality standard that establishes a goal of no more than3. 4 defects per million units or procedures â€Å". b) â€Å"Six Sigma aims to maximize customer satisfaction and minimize defects†. (c) â€Å"Six Sigma is a tool that if used correctly, can identify key areas of business processes that need attention to lower effect rates. One of the greatest advantages is that all the measured improvements achieved through this technique can be directly converted into finan cial results†. (d) â€Å"Research proves that firms that successfully implement Six Sigma perform better in virtually every business category, including return on sales, return on investment, employment growth and stock value growth†. Source: (www. ehow. com , cited 7/10/2012). 4. 3. 1 The disadvantages are: (a) The eventual costs to implement Six Sigma are very high. To this, Becthel Corporation in the USA has spent USD 30 million to implement Six Sigma. (b) According to a quality expert, Joseph M. Duran, Six Sigma is described as â€Å"a basic version of quality improvement† stating that â€Å"there is nothing new there†¦they have adopted more flamboyant terms, like belts with different colors† Source: (Integrating Organisational Development and Six Sigma. Jeffrey, B. ) 4. Recommendations to the Permanent Secretary: (a) Six Sigma should not be implemented in the Public Service of Namibia in the short to medium term, but it should be considered whether the Namibia Defence Force can do research and conduct a feasibility study to determine the viability of Six Sigma for the PSN. Research indicated that the United States of America has introduced it in their Navy with success. Source: www. account ing4management. com, 2012). (b) The TQM intervention should be given first priority in OMASRC’s, before Six Sigma is considered in the PSN. c) It is further recommended that financial and manpower be allocated to conduct such a feasibility study and that the Ministry of Finance release funds and a vote to source this research. 14 (d) The above should be carried out according to project management principles and procedures. (e) The feasibility study should be submitted, after presentation to the Permanent Secretaries meeting on 30 June 2013. During this meeting it can further be recommended whether Six Sigma should be introduced and be roll-out to the PSN. 4. 5 Conclusions: Although Six Sigma is widely used, especially in the USA and Europe, no evidence could be found that Namibia is using it currently. This may be, because it is not cost effective and/or there is not yet a market for it. It is strongly recommended that the NDF, especially the Navy should conduct a research and feasibility study to determine whether it is viable for Namibia and if the Defence Force may benefit in the long run. This report will indicate whether Six Sigma can be roll-out to the rest of the Public Service of Namibia. REFERENCES Burnes, B. Managing Change. Fifth Edition. 2009. Pearson Education Limited. England. Nel, P. S. , Gerber, P. D. , Van Dyk, P. S. , Haasbroek, G. D. , Schultz, H. B. , Sono, T. , Werner, A. Human Resources Management. 5th Edition. 2011. Oxford University Press. Southern Africa. Hill, M. Study material on Managing People and Organisations. July 2011. Windhoek. Robbins, S. P. , amp; Judge, T. A. A. , Organisational Behavior. Global Edition. 2011. Prentice Hall. New Jersey. www. acounting4management. com/total quality management. htm, Definition and Explanation of the Concept of Total Quality Management System. Cited 7/10/2012. www. businessdictionary. om. Definition of Total Quality Management System. Cited 7/ 10/2012. www. businessdictionary. com . Cited 6/10/2012 www. ehow. com. Advantages and disadvantages of TQM. Cited 7/10/2012. www. humanresources. about. com. Cited 6/10/201 www. hrfolks. com. The Learning Organisation. Review- Rohan Nagwekar. Cited 1/10/2012. www. see. ed. ac. uk. Learning organisations. Cited 1/10/2012. www. wikipedia. com. Cited 6/10/2012. 15 APPENDIX Appendix: A- Leading change: Why transformational efforts fail. Presented by Group 2 of Masters in Leadership and Change Management, dated September 2012 How to cite Organisational Development Assignment, Papers